Book Index for Create an Oasis with Grey Water
A
abney level 125
ABS (drainpipe) 30, 31, 34, 81, 82
access plugs 95, 96
acidic soil. See soil, acidic
activated sludge treatment 136
ac (acre) 139
adobe 66
aerobic conditions 46, 47, 99
Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU) 72
aesthetics 5, 75, 77, 121
afy (acre-feet per year) 139
airlock 56
air gap, vacuum breaker 23, 25, 58, 60
Alaskan oil camp 102
algae bloom 41
allelopathic trees. See trees, with germination inhibiting properties
anaerobic
conditions 46, 75, 97
in dosing siphons 82
digestion 72
meltdown 69
animals, burrowing. See burrowing animals
apple. See fruit trees
appliance energy use 103
appliance pumps. See pumps, appliance
aquatic ecosystems 41
Aqua Flo Supply (supplier) 141
aquifers. See groundwater
architects 17
area
for irrigation 39–40
for treatment 13, 14, 37, 38, 46, 97
of mulch basins 112
small yard 3, 12
arid lands. See climate, dry
Arizona 138
assuming it’s simple (error) 100
atm (atmosphere) 139
ATU. See Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU)
auditory warning of failure 24
auger holes 50
Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters. See greywater system types, Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters
avocado. See fruit trees
B
backfilling (under pipe) 92, 94
bacteria 18, 46, 67, 69, 72
beneficial 74
bamboo. See plants, bamboo
bananas 129
barrel outlet chamber. See outlets, half-barrel
bathing garden. See greywater system types, Landscape Direct
bathtubs 11, 40, 47, 53, 57, 61, 88, 113
“forever hot” 9
plumbing 25, 26, 28
bends (in pipe) 81
beneficial bacteria. See soil bacteria
berms 117
big family in new house (example) 118
Big Sur 102
Bilson, Steve 71
biocompatibility chart 42
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 68, 72
biomat 64
blackwater 2, 72, 102, 107
and vents 24
health considerations 67, 88
systems for treating 53, 67, 68, 87, 115, 116
bleach 43
BOD. See Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
bogs 47, 98, 117–118
Bolcomb, Doug and Sarah 66
book design i
boron 42, 43
Box Troughs. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys
Branched Drain. See greywater system types, Branched Drain
bucketing greywater. See greywater system types, Bucketing/Dishpan Dump
Builder’s Greywater Guide 7, 15, 29, 39, 76, 83, 88, 95, 110, 111, 120, 138, 140, 146
building paper 63
buried utilities 90
burrowing animals 96, 97
bypass 25, 60
C
California Department of Water Resources 43
California greywater study 111
California Plumbing Code (CPC) 64, 71, 109, 112
canoe shaped tank 115
carbon/nitrogen ratio 47
car washing 15
cattails 68
Center for Irrigation Technology 71
channels (for greywater). See greywater system types, Furrow Irrigation
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 72
chlorine 42, 43, 135
cisterns 102, 114, 115, 137
civilization, collapse of 44
clarified septic effluent 69, 72, 87, 98
clay soil 12, 19
cleaners 136
biocompatible 41–43, 127
study 140
contamination from 18
in the developing world 127
cleanouts 22, 24, 26, 55, 81, 84, 95, 111
clearwater 2, 40, 109
definition 2
climate 13, 14, 15, 46
cold 45, 52, 68, 99, 109, 116, 126
dry 13, 39, 44, 68, 84, 106, 114, 118, 137
extreme 8, 15, 65
warm 45
wet 39, 50, 117
Clivus Multrum (supplier) 137, 141
clogging 83, 98
clearing clogs 95, 96, 97
of double ell flow splitters 112
of filter (story) 108
COD. See Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
coliform bacteria. See bacteria
combined wastewater designs used for greywater (error) 107
compacting soil 94
compost 12, 48, 50, 56, 128
heat generated by 126
computer controls 69
concrete (mixing) 90
conifers 46
conjunctive use 137
Constructed Wetlands. See greywater system types, Constructed Wetlands; See also greywater system types, Constructed Wetland
context i, 5–16, 17–21, 121
contour map 12, 123
contractors 16, 17
conversion (of units) 139
coordination (of specialists) 17
copper pipe 31
cost/benefit. See economics, cost/benefit
CPC/UPC 8, 18, 52, 62, 64, 76, 81, 101, 110, 120
creeks 18, 104
critical distance (for p-trap) 23
cross connections 18, 138
crud 22, 23, 56, 75, 82, 84, 91, 134
Cuernavaca 75
cyclones 130
D
“dark grey” water 2
daylighting 95
demonstration projects 101
dengue fever 127
desert. See climate, dry
designs from government, salespeople, and enginering firms (error) 109–110
developing world. See non-industrialized world
diapers 18, 138
dipper box 78, 79, 81, 95, 98, 112
as cleanout 24
as flow splitter 78, 83
installation 90–91, 111
in Green Septic 67
disease. See health considerations
Dishpan Dump/Bucketing. See greywater system types, Dishpan Dump/Bucketing
dishwasher 25, 53
disinfection 22, 69, 73, 74, 101, 135
disposal (of greywater) 7, 20
disposal environment 42
distillation 136
distribution (of greywater) 34
by gravity 11
cones. See emitters, distribution cones
drip. See irrigation, drip
ditches. See swales
diverter valve. See valves, diverter (3-way)
donkey (as means of water transport) 114
dosing 37, 52, 64, 73
progressive failure without 64
dosing siphons 29, 81, 82, 98
double ells 56, 76, 78, 80, 81, 93, 98
downspouts (for rain) 24, 50, 78, 84
drain-waste-vent (DWV) plumbing 31, 81
drains (in surge tanks) 103, 115
Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back. See greywater system types, Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back
dripline 30, 48, 50
drip irrigation. See irrigation, drip
drought 28, 37, 50, 108, 110, 136
as design consideration 15, 101
temporary GW systems 61, 133
Drumless Laundry. See greywater system types, Drumless Laundry
Drum with Pump (and Filter). See greywater system types, Drum with Pump (and Filter)
drywells 50
dual plumbing. See plumbing, greywater and toilet separate
dynamite
uses in the garden 50
E
earthworms 64
eco-tourism 119, 129
eco-villages 114
ecological cost 74, 77
ecological design 5
Ecological Machines 69
economics 5, 16, 53, 69, 77, 100, 101, 109, 111
cost/benefit 3, 15, 16
cost/benefit examples 112, 114, 115, 118, 130
cost of suburban system (table) 113
Eden-like bathing grotto 54
edible landscaping 19, 54, 140
efficient fixtures. See fixtures, efficient
elbows 81
electricity 16, 53, 74, 75, 76, 133, 134
electronics 74
emitters 24, 30, 62, 112
distribution cones 69–71
drip 63
sub-mulch 111
energy use 51, 71, 133, 134, 136
engineers 17
environmental impact ii, 5, 74
EPDM 68
erosion 97
errors and mistakes 100–110
evaporation 19
evapotranspiration 13, 43, 46, 130
peak values by climate 14
evergreen trees 46. See also fruit trees
examples 111–120
F
Fab One-Shot 127
failure 74
modes 24
rate 77
fall (for pipes) 19, 82, 93, 114
and pumps 133
as design constraint 11, 20
conserving 19, 22–23, 25, 112
in household water cascade 136
slope for optimal flow 22
fantasy and reality (transitioning between) 16
faucets 37
ferrocement 65, 114, 115, 140
fertilizer 47, 48, 50, 96
figs. See fruit trees. figs
filter fabric 64
filtration 4, 53, 62, 74, 77, 119, 134, 134–136
and pumps 63, 73, 103
by settling 72, 135
cleaning filters 18, 37
common mistakes 108
failure modes (table) 24
for drip irrigation 72, 108
for perforated pipe 106
net bag 62, 134
plumbing 20, 22
sand filtration 46, 69, 101, 107, 118, 133, 134
surge capacity before 28
using Constructed Wetland for 69, 135
using infiltration bed for 135
finding pipes. See mapping your greywater system
fire 15
fittings (for pipe) 31
leaving unglued 92
shoulder in 31
fixtures 51. See also bathtubs; See also showers; See also sinks; See also washers
efficient 9, 14, 19
flash floods 137
flexibility (building for) 23
flexible PVC. See PVC (pipe), flexible
float switch 30, 133
flooding 15, 19, 89, 101
floodway 138
flow bottleneck 28
flow splitters 76, 79, 81, 85, 91
and Green Septic 67
branching geometry 83
building for flexibility 78
clearing 95, 96
trying to clog (story) 112
Fluid Dynamic Siphons, Inc (supplier) 141
forces of nature 15
foul stench. See odor, minimizing
freezing 3, 53, 59, 60, 99, 126
automatic zone switch for 126
French drain tubing 108
friction-fit connections 23, 92, 93
frost line 126
fruit trees 39, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 127
citrus 20, 74
for greywater reuse 45
for treatment/disposal 46
irrigation need example 13
on swales 50
stone fruit 21
ft3/sec (cubic feet per second) 139
fudge factor
jiggling estimates by 15
Furrow Irrigation. See greywater system types, Furrow Irrigation
G
gal (gallon) 139
garden hoses 18, 30, 54
garden hose direct from the back of the washer (error) 106
Garden Hose Through the Bathroom. See greywater system types, Garden Hose Through the Bathroom
general principles (lack of) 101
Geoflow (supplier) 141
geometry of Branched Drains 83, 113
gluing pipe 83, 92–93
goals i, 5–16, 16, 100, 101
gophers. See burrowing animals
gpm (gallons per minute) 139
gravel
in Mini-Leachfield 64
in the garden 101
Gravity Drum. See greywater system types, Gravity Drum
grease 97, 99
trap 97, 103
greenhouses. See greywater system types, Solar Greywater Greenhouse
Green Septic. See greywater system types, Green Septic
greywater
definition 2
during wet season 114
estimating quantity 9–11
percentage of total wastewater 2
what to do with it when you don’t need it 41
Greywater Extras 146
Greywater Policy Center 110, 140
greywater staying on surface (error) 104
greywater systems
elements of 4
for large house 20
overbuilt (error) 101
overly complicated (error) 74
greywater system types 52
Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters 16, 29, 37, 52, 69, 70, 118
Branched Drain 39, 51, 52, 104, 107, 114, 134
and infiltration galleys 64
cement channel 75
clog test 80
design 74–89, 123
example 6, 40, 111
fall required 12, 22
installation 90–99
in cold climates 126
limitations of 76–78
permitted 7
with HDPE 36
Constructed Wetland 52, 68, 109
as filter 135
calculating area of 38
example 114, 115, 116
for low perk soil 12
in a desert (error) 101
storing effluent from 103
Constructed Wetlands 140
Dishpan Dump/Bucketing 52, 61, 105, 114, 127
buckets as drowning hazard for kids 115
distribution cones. See emitters, distribution cones
Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back 36, 40, 52, 55, 74, 75, 100, 107, 114, 127
Drumless Laundry 40, 52, 58, 64, 106
Drum with Pump (and Filter) 24, 52, 60, 62, 64, 65, 98, 134
Furrow Irrigation 11, 52, 75, 127–132
Garden Hose Through the Bathroom 52, 61
Gravity Drum 57, 62, 106
Green Septic 52, 67, 98
Landscape Direct 36, 52, 55, 127
Laundry Drum 52, 57
Mini-Leachfields 52, 63
in CA law 110
Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins 40, 51, 52, 56, 107
Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip 52
Solar Greywater Greenhouse 38, 39, 52, 65, 69, 98, 105, 126
bathing grotto in 54
photo 65, 66, 126
study on 140
Subsoil Infiltration Galleys 52, 64, 65, 66, 73, 98
example 115
groundwater ii
contamination ii, 12, 18, 46, 136, 138
mining ii
recharge 3, 41, 136, 137
guava. See fruit trees
gypsum 44
H
half-barrel outlet chamber. See outlets, half-barrel
half pipes 65, 73
hardpan 50
ha (hectare) 139
HDPE. See High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
health considerations 18, 91, 105, 140
and irrigating turf 104
and irrigating vegetables 105
and secondary treatment 72
and subsoil infiltration galleys 87
blackwater 67
greywater on surface 41
hygiene 114, 121
infectious microorganisms 105
in the non-industrialized world 127
study 140
too much/little concern 3, 104
heat recovery 126, 140, 141
hedges 13, 19
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 64, 86
pipe 31, 35, 59, 62, 99
high flow greywater systems 7, 15, 38, 39, 53, 71, 102, 103, 107, 109
Branched Drain unsuitable for 78
high pressure 37
Hilo 137
Homestead Utilities (supplier) 109, 141
hose thread adapter 58
household water cascade 2, 41, 120, 135, 136–138, 140
houses
building smaller 102
Huehuetortuga 114, 116
humidity 14
hydrogen peroxide 43
hydrogen sulfide 103
I
inconvenience (of greywater systems) 3
inexpensive greywater to drip irrigation (error) 108–109
infiltration 19
rates 13
infiltration galleys. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys
Infiltrators 30, 64. See also greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys
for Branched Drain 86, 87, 94, 113
for Green Septic 67
in Constructed Wetland 68
Infiltrator Systems (supplier) 141
inlet (of tank) 115
inspections (for permit) 7, 17, 22, 85, 88, 95, 110
inspection access 84
for flow splitters 80
plugs (in double ells) 80
iron pipe 31
irrigating plants that can’t take it (error) 106
irrigation 2
actualizing water savings 106
coordinating greywater and freshwater 37, 38–39, 39, 69
demand 13, 20, 116, 129
example 14, 113
matching to greywater delivery 38, 39, 40
drip 37, 39, 72, 108
efficiency 37, 38, 75, 105, 112, 114, 133
definition 40
in Branched Drain 78
subsurface 63, 105
supplemental 20, 88, 112
underground drip 15. See also Geoflow (supplier)
uphill 76
variation 105
zones 81, 98, 99
J
Jandy (supplier) 141
John Todd Ecological Design, Inc. (supplier) 141
K
kPa (kilopascal) 139
L
labor (estimate of) 36
lakes 18
landscapers 17, 77, 94
landscapes 19, 37–50
Landscape Direct. See greywater system types, Landscape Direct
Laundry Drum. See greywater system types, Laundry Drum
laundry water 25, 107, 113
separate system 51
lawns 13, 15, 45, 52, 69, 77
irrigating with GW (error) 104
systems for irrigating 69–73. See also Orenco Systems (supplier); See also ReWater Systems (supplier)
laws 120, 138
leachfields 8, 16, 67, 81, 107, 112
failing 88
Leaching Chamber. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys
leaves. See mulch
LEED 137
legality 1, 3, 15, 17, 25, 75, 77, 109, 112, 120
CA GW law as example (error) 110
of Branched Drain 57
leveling pipe. See pipe, leveling
life-cycle analysis 71
lifestyle 5
ecological 16, 34
life expectancy (of GW system) 112
lint 41, 107
Little Giant Pump Company (supplier) 30, 133, 141
Living Machines. See Ecological Machines
loading rate 130
locating pipe. See mapping your greywater system
Long Term Acceptance Rate (LTAR) 13
Los Angeles 104
Department of Water Reclamation 3
lpm (liters per minute) 139
lumping or splitting flow 19
L (liter) 139
M
m (meter) 139
m3/day (cubic meters per day) 139
m3 (cubic meter) 139
maintenance and troubleshooting 15, 17, 21, 24–28, 74, 76, 95
of Branched Drains 77, 96
of greywater furrows 130
of subsurface drip 71, 72, 119
mango. See fruit trees
mansion with a greywater system 102
mapping your greywater system 95
Maruata 127, 130–132
measuring greywater flow 112
mesh filter bag 63
Mexico 61, 68, 69, 75, 114
Michoacán 119–120, 127, 130–132
microclimate 19
microorganisms 18
Mid State Concrete (supplier) 141
minerals (in greywater) 69
Mini-Leachfields 62. See also greywater system types, Mini-Leachfields
mistakes. See errors and mistakes
moisture sensors 98
moles. See burrowing animals
monsoon 130
mosquitoes 47, 75, 127, 138
Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins. See greywater system types, Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins
muck. See crud
mulch 12, 47, 48, 50, 57, 84, 85, 97, 111, 117, 118
automatic replenishment 74
health considerations 18, 29, 74
in cold climates 99
in the non-industrialized world 127
mulch basins 47–50, 52, 75, 76, 85, 86, 87
and runoff management 19
area required 38
forming 94
for rot sensitive plants 87, 99
in various systems 54–63, 74, 111, 114, 117
servicing 96, 112
surge capacity 29, 88
Multi-Mode Greywater Tank 114
multifamily greywater systems. See high flow greywater systems
multiunit dwellings 7
municipal wastewater 69
N
naked eye (as measurement tool) 124
Natural Systems (supplier) 141
natural waters
contamination of 2
gw discharge into 74
neighbors 15
new construction 7, 17, 38, 67, 69, 75, 101, 110, 118, 120, 138, 146
note for 7
New Mexico 138
nitrate 46
nitrogen 2, 42, 47
no-hub connectors 23, 26, 33
non-industrialized world 9, 52, 74, 80, 127–132
drain out back for 74
Northwest Water Source (supplier) 141
no money (design example) 130
no water (design example) 114–115
NutriCycle Systems (supplier) 141
nutrients 2, 72, 100, 118
reclaimation of 3
nutrient and water cycles 3
O
oak trees 106
Oasis Biocompatible Cleaners (supplier) 141
Oasis Design (supplier) 141
obstacles (to laying pipe) 90
odor 75
minimizing 28, 97, 118, 128
optimization 17
Orenco Systems (supplier) 72, 73, 141
outdoor living area 19, 45
cooling by evaporation 19, 130
outlets 39, 76, 85, 94, 95, 96, 111
5 gal buckets 94, 113
chambers 118
configurations 87
extensions 92
flower pot 86
flower pot chamber 111, 112, 113
free flow 47, 84–85
in cold climates 126
half-barrel 86
in Branched Drains 84
positioning 87–92
sub-mulch via outlet chambers 85–86
subsoil infiltration galleys 86–87
troubleshooting 96, 97
out of context design 101
overflow 82
overflows 24, 25, 27, 28
ozonators 73, 101, 135
P
p-trap 23, 25, 26, 55, 80
Pacific Echo, Inc. (supplier) 141
paint sprayer bag (as filter) 30, 134
pantyhose (as filter) 30, 63, 69, 134
parties (diverting greywater during) 18
parts (for greywater systems) 30, 31–34, 80–82, 81
passive solar heat 19
pathogens 2, 18, 42, 46, 54
study, travel in soil 141
peach. See fruit trees
pear. See fruit trees
pee. See urine
percolation 2, 3, 6, 12, 37
greywater loading rates depending on 13
high 45, 114
low 8, 41, 47, 67, 76, 87, 99
use of wetlands where rate is low 68
perfection standard 5, 34
perforated pipe 106
reasons not to use 104, 106
performance standard 121
permaculture 37
permits 7, 15, 34, 75, 76, 91, 102, 111, 118
pH 43
phosphate 43, 46
varying effect by disposal environment 42
photos (of your site) 121, 123
photos (of your system) 95
photovoltaics 137
pigs 130
pipe 81
flow resistence 59
laying 92–95
leveling 76, 94
proper slope 11, 22, 76, 85, 92, 93, 112
size 59, 99
plants 45–47
bamboo 45, 140
as pipe 31
small 77
treatment capacity 39
water and rot sensitive 49
wetland 39, 46, 47, 68
plastic (amount of) 77, 83
plastic drums 28
as surge tank 62
plum. See fruit trees
plumber’s snake 24
plumbers 17, 22, 25, 77, 94, 107, 112
plumbing
cast iron 27, 34
codes 22, 24, 87
collection 51, 57, 67, 84
distribution 4, 51, 81, 90, 104
do-it-yourself 25, 29
fittings 99
gravity collection 4, 11, 19, 22, 26, 56
greywater and blackwater separate 7, 67, 71
health considerations 22
in slab 52
pipe size 28, 31, 107
potable water designs, parts for gw (error) 108
pressurized collection 25, 59
principles 22
professional installation 8
radical 24, 34–36, 36
where to divert greywater 23
Polylok Inc. (supplier) 82, 141
population density (high) 41
potassium 42, 43
potassium chloride. See salt
Kalium Chemical (supplier) 141
precipitation. See rainfall
pressure relief 24
pressure sensors 133
Principles of Ecological Design 101, 146
privacy 19
prunings. See mulch
psi (pounds per square inch) 139
puddles 128
pumps 4, 20, 30, 74, 77, 119, 133–136
and Branched Drains 76
appliance 25, 58, 59, 60, 106
effluent 62, 73
enthusiasm for (error) 103
failure 24, 69
height differential 59
sump 63
surge capacity before 28
to pressurize lines 108
where to install 22
Zabel 62, 133
purification
greywater degree of 2, 18, 47, 136, 140
natural 1
PVC (pipe) 30, 31, 59, 82, 91, 99
flexible 30, 56, 58, 78, 79, 81, 96
PVC sanitario 32, 80, 81
Q
quince. See fruit trees
R
rain, using greywater during 41
rainfall 43
high 50
low 19, 127
rainwater 17, 19, 44, 78, 96
drum 57
harvesting 5, 40, 57, 137, 140
rainwater inlets 84
rain gutters 17, 24, 96
raw food 18
raw land 17
raw vegetables 105
Real Goods (supplier) 141
real world examples. See examples
rebar 90
receiving landscape 4, 90
reclaimed water 2
reducing vs. reusing 5
reductions 81, 84
reforming mulch basins. See mulch basins, servicing
regulators 69, 71, 100, 102, 120
remodeling 138. See also retrofits
removable couplings 23
repairing soil 44
retrofits 7, 15, 33–36, 38, 75
return flows 4
reuse
efficiency 5, 20, 74, 77, 115
indoor 8
vs. disposal 13, 39, 57
reverse-osmosis drain water 2, 11, 40, 109
ReWater Systems (supplier) 37, 69, 102, 118, 119, 141
rock beds 66
roots
clogging pipes 56
weed-stop matting 63
root suffocation 75, 87
root zone 48, 78, 96
rot sensitive plants. See plants, water and rot sensitive
runoff 89, 117
in wet climates 50, 96, 98
management 19, 40, 137, 141
of greywater 24, 118, 129
S
s-trap 23
salt 37, 43, 44, 127
flushing with rainwater 19, 24, 44, 57, 78, 84, 96
in cleaners 43
removal in hydrologic cycle 136
varying effect by disposal environment 42
sand filtration. See filtration, sand filtration
sanitary fittings 31
sanitary tees. See tees
sanitation 74, 127. See also health considerations
Santa Barbara 110
San Diego 71
savings 16
sawsall 27
screen mesh 57
scribing arcs to locate pipes. See mapping your greywater system
seawater desalination 3
septic/sewer 2, 25, 26, 43, 98
eliminating 8, 34
Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip. See greywater system types, Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip
septic tanks 2, 12, 41, 71, 81, 107, 114, 115, 117
as filter 87, 107, 135
codes 18
effluent. See clarified septic effluent
Green Septic. See greywater system types, Green Septic
saving money by removing greywater 9, 16, 112
site unsuitable for 2
service (ease of) 24
settling tank. See septic tanks
sewage treatment plant 3, 75, 88
sewers 9, 25, 44, 71, 111, 140
sewer gas 23
shade 127
shortcuts 7
showers 11, 20, 28
plumbing for 25, 40, 113
systems for reusing water 53, 57, 61
“Shrubber” emitter 50
shrubs 46
signs of system distress 24
silicone sealer 23, 33, 92
sinks 25, 26
bathroom 11, 28, 40, 53, 106
kitchen 2, 11, 28, 33, 40, 53
laundry sink as surge tank 28
siphons 24, 59, 60, 61, 124
site assessment form ii, 17, 121–123
site map 9, 12, 19, 111, 121
examples 113, 116
slab on grade construction 20
slope (for gravity distribution) 76, 126. See also pipes, proper slope
measuring 124–125
slow drains 24
slugs 80, 97
snow 99
soaker hose (useless for GW) 108
soaps
liquid vs powder 43
social climate 15
sodium 43
sodium chloride. See salt
sodium perborate 43
softeners. See cleaners, biocompatible
soggy soil. See waterlogging
soil
acidic 45
alkaline 44
clay 43, 49, 56, 118, 127
loading rates 13
overload 75
pH 44, 47
quality, preserving & repairing 41–44, 111, 112
type (effect on irrigation design) 40
unsuitable for GW 3
Solar Greywater Greenhouse. See greywater system types, Solar Greywater Greenhouse
solar heating 66
Southwest Wetlands 68
spa-flex. See PVC (pipe), flexible
spill point 24, 29
splitting the flow 75, 78, 79
sprinklers 18, 105, 135
standpipe 60
State Revolving Fund (SRF) 71
sterilization 135
Stinson Beach 72
storing greywater (error) 18, 103, 114
straw. See mulch
street fittings 31
subsoil infiltration galleys 57, 98
subsurface irrigation. See irrigation, subsurface
suburbia (design example) 16, 112
“suds saver” 137
suffocation of plant roots 39
sulphur 42
to lower pH 44
supply fittings 31
surface water
contamination ii, 18, 41, 118, 128, 136
surges 28, 85
creating 82
surge capacity 28–29, 50, 112
before filter 28
measuring 95
of Branched Drains 88
surge tanks 4, 22, 24, 28, 74, 77, 103, 108, 133
for dosing siphon 29
in various systems 58, 62, 71, 114, 115
underground 28
surge volume 47
swales 19, 29, 50, 130, 137
swept earth 127, 132
swimming pools 15
systems approach (to design) 17
system overload 18, 38
T
Tad Montgomery & Associates (supplier) 141
tax credit 3
tees 63, 80, 81
as flow splitter 78
sanitary 93
Texas 138, 140
third world. See non-industrialized world
three-way valve. See valves, diverter (3-way)
Tijuana 127
Todd, John 69
toilets 11, 14, 26, 43
composting 34, 36, 43, 117, 137, 141
Clivus Multrum (suppliers) 141
WHO study & designs 141
dry 114
flushing with greywater 8, 41, 109, 120
in household water cascade 136
low flow 114
plumbing separate from greywater 23, 25
Watson Wick 36
tools for greywater work 34
in the developing world 128
too wet (design example) 117–118
topsoil
treatment capacity 18
town (design example) 111–112
toxic waste 41, 44, 140
toxins 3, 18, 42, 75, 136
transit 12, 34–36, 125
transpiration 46, 47
traps 23, 24, 26, 35, 36
trash cans (as surge tanks) 28
treatment
biological 104
degree of 74
effectiveness 2, 54
treatment of GW before irrigation (error) 104
trees. See also fruit trees
with germination inhibiting properties 47
tree growth 39
trenches 91, 92
troubleshooting. See maintenance and troubleshooting
U
u-shaped pipe 56, 77, 97, 108
UC Berkeley 43
ultraviolet disinfection. See disinfection
undevelopable lots 2
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). See CPC/UPC
uphill irrigation 23
urine 41, 43, 44, 140
users 4, 15, 17
V
vacuum breaker. See air gap, vacuum breaker
Valterra Products, Inc. (supplier) 141
valves 30, 32–36, 74, 81
back-flow prevention 62
backwater 111
ball 29, 62, 63, 72
boxes 95
check (one way) 24, 26, 59, 60, 62
diverter (3-way) 21, 92, 95, 99. See also Jandy (supplier)
as cleanout 24, 84
for automated zone switching 98
in various systems 55, 56, 58, 59, 111, 117, 118
plumbing for 25, 26
electric 34, 108
for Furrow Irrigation 129
RV dump 111
solenoid (shutoff) 34
vegetables 45, 105
irrigation w/ GW 105, 126
vents 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 55, 56
auto 24
vermin 55, 74, 127
W
warm-up water 2
warning of failure 24
Washington Toxics Coalition 44
washing machine 11, 20, 25, 28, 40, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 76, 88
“suds saver” 137
GW plumbing for 25, 58
washing diapers in 2
wastewater
amounts 11
centralized treatment vs greywater reuse 41
treatment facilities 9
water
bills 14, 111
chronic shortage 102
conservation 9, 13, 114
consumption 15, 105, 114, 115
average 14
cycle ii, 136
quality 69
resources 9
savings 16
security ii
waterlogging 24, 25, 39, 50, 97, 106
Water Conservation Systems (supplier) 141
water level (tool) 12, 34, 124, 129
Water Quality Testing Procedures and Information Packet 146
water sensitive plants. See plants, water and rot sensitive
water softeners 41, 43
Water Storage 19, 137
Water Storage Extras 146
water table 8
water transit (tool) 124–125
Weed-Stop matting 63
welding (of plastic pipe) 36
wetlands 47, 98
whitening. See cleaners, biocompatible
wind 15
wire mesh 97
wood chips. See mulch
wyes 81
Y
yard too small. See area, small yard
Z
Zabel pumps. See pumps, Zabel
zones
greywater 20–22
irrigation 20, 37, 112