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Book Index for Create an Oasis with Grey Water

 

A

abney level  125

ABS (drainpipe) 30, 31, 34, 81, 82

access plugs  95, 96

acidic soil. See soil, acidic

activated sludge treatment  136

ac (acre)  139

adobe  66

aerobic conditions  46, 47, 99

Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU)  72

aesthetics  5, 75, 77, 121

afy (acre-feet per year)  139

airlock  56

air gap, vacuum breaker  23, 25, 58, 60

Alaskan oil camp  102

algae bloom  41

allelopathic trees. See trees, with germination inhibiting properties

anaerobic

conditions  46, 75, 97

in dosing siphons  82

digestion  72

meltdown  69

animals, burrowing. See burrowing animals

apple. See fruit trees

appliance energy use  103

appliance pumps. See pumps, appliance

aquatic ecosystems  41

Aqua Flo Supply (supplier)  141

aquifers. See groundwater

architects  17

area

for irrigation  39–40

for treatment  13, 14, 37, 38, 46, 97

of mulch basins  112

small yard  3, 12

arid lands. See climate, dry

Arizona  138

assuming it’s simple (error)  100

atm (atmosphere)  139

ATU. See Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU)

auditory warning of failure  24

auger holes  50

Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters. See greywater system types, Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters

avocado. See fruit trees

B

backfilling (under pipe)  92, 94

bacteria  18, 46, 67, 69, 72

beneficial  74

bamboo. See plants, bamboo

bananas  129

barrel outlet chamber. See outlets, half-barrel

bathing garden. See greywater system types, Landscape Direct

bathtubs  11, 40, 47, 53, 57, 61, 88, 113

“forever hot”  9

plumbing  25, 26, 28

bends (in pipe)  81

beneficial bacteria. See soil bacteria

berms  117

big family in new house (example)  118

Big Sur  102

Bilson, Steve  71

biocompatibility chart  42

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)  68, 72

biomat  64

blackwater  2, 72, 102, 107

and vents  24

health considerations  67, 88

systems for treating  53, 67, 68, 87, 115, 116

bleach  43

BOD. See Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

bogs  47, 98, 117–118

Bolcomb, Doug and Sarah  66

book design  i

boron  42, 43

Box Troughs. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys

Branched Drain. See greywater system types, Branched Drain

bucketing greywater. See greywater system types, Bucketing/Dishpan Dump

Builder’s Greywater Guide  7, 15, 29, 39, 76, 83, 88, 95, 110, 111, 120, 138, 140, 146

building paper  63

buried utilities  90

burrowing animals  96, 97

bypass  25, 60

C

California Department of Water Resources  43

California greywater study  111

California Plumbing Code (CPC)  64, 71, 109, 112

canoe shaped tank  115

carbon/nitrogen ratio  47

car washing  15

cattails  68

Center for Irrigation Technology  71

channels (for greywater). See greywater system types, Furrow Irrigation

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)  72

chlorine  42, 43, 135

cisterns  102, 114, 115, 137

civilization, collapse of  44

clarified septic effluent  69, 72, 87, 98

clay soil  12, 19

cleaners  136

biocompatible  41–43, 127

study  140

contamination from  18

in the developing world  127

cleanouts  22, 24, 26, 55, 81, 84, 95, 111

clearwater  2, 40, 109

definition  2

climate  13, 14, 15, 46

cold  45, 52, 68, 99, 109, 116, 126

dry  13, 39, 44, 68, 84, 106, 114, 118, 137

extreme  8, 15, 65

warm  45

wet  39, 50, 117

Clivus Multrum (supplier)  137, 141

clogging  83, 98

clearing clogs  95, 96, 97

of double ell flow splitters  112

of filter (story)  108

COD. See Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

coliform bacteria. See bacteria

combined wastewater designs used for greywater (error)  107

compacting soil  94

compost  12, 48, 50, 56, 128

heat generated by  126

computer controls  69

concrete (mixing)  90

conifers  46

conjunctive use  137

Constructed Wetlands. See greywater system types, Constructed Wetlands; See also greywater system types, Constructed Wetland

context  i, 5–16, 17–21, 121

contour map  12, 123

contractors  16, 17

conversion (of units)  139

coordination (of specialists)  17

copper pipe  31

cost/benefit. See economics, cost/benefit

CPC/UPC  8, 18, 52, 62, 64, 76, 81, 101, 110, 120

creeks  18, 104

critical distance (for p-trap)  23

cross connections  18, 138

crud  22, 23, 56, 75, 82, 84, 91, 134

Cuernavaca  75

cyclones  130

D

“dark grey” water  2

daylighting  95

demonstration projects  101

dengue fever  127

desert. See climate, dry

designs from government, salespeople, and enginering firms (error)  109–110

developing world. See non-industrialized world

diapers  18, 138

dipper box  78, 79, 81, 95, 98, 112

as cleanout  24

as flow splitter  78, 83

installation  90–91, 111

in Green Septic  67

disease. See health considerations

Dishpan Dump/Bucketing. See greywater system types, Dishpan Dump/Bucketing

dishwasher  25, 53

disinfection  22, 69, 73, 74, 101, 135

disposal (of greywater)  7, 20

disposal environment  42

distillation  136

distribution (of greywater)  34

by gravity  11

cones. See emitters, distribution cones

drip. See irrigation, drip

ditches. See swales

diverter valve. See valves, diverter (3-way)

donkey (as means of water transport)  114

dosing  37, 52, 64, 73

progressive failure without  64

dosing siphons  29, 81, 82, 98

double ells  56, 76, 78, 80, 81, 93, 98

downspouts (for rain)  24, 50, 78, 84

drain-waste-vent (DWV) plumbing  31, 81

drains (in surge tanks)  103, 115

Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back. See greywater system types, Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back

dripline  30, 48, 50

drip irrigation. See irrigation, drip

drought  28, 37, 50, 108, 110, 136

as design consideration  15, 101

temporary GW systems  61, 133

Drumless Laundry. See greywater system types, Drumless Laundry

Drum with Pump (and Filter). See greywater system types, Drum with Pump (and Filter)

drywells  50

dual plumbing. See plumbing, greywater and toilet separate

dynamite

uses in the garden  50

E

earthworms  64

eco-tourism  119, 129

eco-villages  114

ecological cost  74, 77

ecological design  5

Ecological Machines  69

economics  5, 16, 53, 69, 77, 100, 101, 109, 111

cost/benefit  3, 15, 16

cost/benefit examples  112, 114, 115, 118, 130

cost of suburban system (table)  113

Eden-like bathing grotto  54

edible landscaping  19, 54, 140

efficient fixtures. See fixtures, efficient

elbows  81

electricity  16, 53, 74, 75, 76, 133, 134

electronics  74

emitters  24, 30, 62, 112

distribution cones  69–71

drip  63

sub-mulch  111

energy use  51, 71, 133, 134, 136

engineers  17

environmental impact  ii, 5, 74

EPDM  68

erosion  97

errors and mistakes  100–110

evaporation  19

evapotranspiration  13, 43, 46, 130

peak values by climate  14

evergreen trees  46. See also fruit trees

examples  111–120

F

Fab One-Shot  127

failure  74

modes  24

rate  77

fall (for pipes)  19, 82, 93, 114

and pumps  133

as design constraint  11, 20

conserving  19, 22–23, 25, 112

in household water cascade  136

slope for optimal flow  22

fantasy and reality (transitioning between)  16

faucets  37

ferrocement  65, 114, 115, 140

fertilizer  47, 48, 50, 96

figs. See fruit trees. figs

filter fabric  64

filtration  4, 53, 62, 74, 77, 119, 134, 134–136

and pumps  63, 73, 103

by settling  72, 135

cleaning filters  18, 37

common mistakes  108

failure modes (table)  24

for drip irrigation  72, 108

for perforated pipe  106

net bag  62, 134

plumbing  20, 22

sand filtration  46, 69, 101, 107, 118, 133, 134

surge capacity before  28

using Constructed Wetland for  69, 135

using infiltration bed for  135

finding pipes. See mapping your greywater system

fire  15

fittings (for pipe)  31

leaving unglued  92

shoulder in  31

fixtures  51. See also bathtubs; See also showers; See also sinks; See also washers

efficient  9, 14, 19

flash floods  137

flexibility (building for)  23

flexible PVC. See PVC (pipe), flexible

float switch  30, 133

flooding  15, 19, 89, 101

floodway  138

flow bottleneck  28

flow splitters  76, 79, 81, 85, 91

and Green Septic  67

branching geometry  83

building for flexibility  78

clearing  95, 96

trying to clog (story)  112

Fluid Dynamic Siphons, Inc (supplier)  141

forces of nature  15

foul stench. See odor, minimizing

freezing  3, 53, 59, 60, 99, 126

automatic zone switch for  126

French drain tubing  108

friction-fit connections  23, 92, 93

frost line  126

fruit trees  39, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 127

citrus  20, 74

for greywater reuse  45

for treatment/disposal  46

irrigation need example  13

on swales  50

stone fruit  21

ft3/sec (cubic feet per second)  139

fudge factor

jiggling estimates by  15

Furrow Irrigation. See greywater system types, Furrow Irrigation

G

gal (gallon)  139

garden hoses  18, 30, 54

garden hose direct from the back of the washer (error)  106

Garden Hose Through the Bathroom. See greywater system types, Garden Hose Through the Bathroom

general principles (lack of)  101

Geoflow (supplier)  141

geometry of Branched Drains  83, 113

gluing pipe  83, 92–93

goals  i, 5–16, 16, 100, 101

gophers. See burrowing animals

gpm (gallons per minute)  139

gravel

in Mini-Leachfield  64

in the garden  101

Gravity Drum. See greywater system types, Gravity Drum

grease  97, 99

trap  97, 103

greenhouses. See greywater system types, Solar Greywater Greenhouse

Green Septic. See greywater system types, Green Septic

greywater

definition  2

during wet season  114

estimating quantity  9–11

percentage of total wastewater  2

what to do with it when you don’t need it  41

Greywater Extras  146

Greywater Policy Center  110, 140

greywater staying on surface (error)  104

greywater systems

elements of  4

for large house  20

overbuilt (error)  101

overly complicated (error)  74

greywater system types  52

Automated/Sand Filtration to Subsurface Emitters  16, 29, 37, 52, 69, 70, 118

Branched Drain  39, 51, 52, 104, 107, 114, 134

and infiltration galleys  64

cement channel  75

clog test  80

design  74–89, 123

example  6, 40, 111

fall required  12, 22

installation  90–99

in cold climates  126

limitations of  76–78

permitted  7

with HDPE  36

Constructed Wetland  52, 68, 109

as filter  135

calculating area of  38

example  114, 115, 116

for low perk soil  12

in a desert (error)  101

storing effluent from  103

Constructed Wetlands  140

Dishpan Dump/Bucketing  52, 61, 105, 114, 127

buckets as drowning hazard for kids  115

distribution cones. See emitters, distribution cones

Drain to Mulch Basin/Drain Out Back  36, 40, 52, 55, 74, 75, 100, 107, 114, 127

Drumless Laundry  40, 52, 58, 64, 106

Drum with Pump (and Filter)  24, 52, 60, 62, 64, 65, 98, 134

Furrow Irrigation  11, 52, 75, 127–132

Garden Hose Through the Bathroom  52, 61

Gravity Drum  57, 62, 106

Green Septic  52, 67, 98

Landscape Direct  36, 52, 55, 127

Laundry Drum  52, 57

Mini-Leachfields  52, 63

in CA law  110

Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins  40, 51, 52, 56, 107

Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip  52

Solar Greywater Greenhouse  38, 39, 52, 65, 69, 98, 105, 126

bathing grotto in  54

photo  65, 66, 126

study on  140

Subsoil Infiltration Galleys  52, 64, 65, 66, 73, 98

example  115

groundwater  ii

contamination  ii, 12, 18, 46, 136, 138

mining  ii

recharge  3, 41, 136, 137

guava. See fruit trees

gypsum  44

H

half-barrel outlet chamber. See outlets, half-barrel

half pipes  65, 73

hardpan  50

ha (hectare)  139

HDPE. See High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

health considerations  18, 91, 105, 140

and irrigating turf  104

and irrigating vegetables  105

and secondary treatment  72

and subsoil infiltration galleys  87

blackwater  67

greywater on surface  41

hygiene  114, 121

infectious microorganisms  105

in the non-industrialized world  127

study  140

too much/little concern  3, 104

heat recovery  126, 140, 141

hedges  13, 19

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)  64, 86

pipe  31, 35, 59, 62, 99

high flow greywater systems  7, 15, 38, 39, 53, 71, 102, 103, 107, 109

Branched Drain unsuitable for  78

high pressure  37

Hilo  137

Homestead Utilities (supplier)  109, 141

hose thread adapter  58

household water cascade  2, 41, 120, 135, 136–138, 140

houses

building smaller  102

Huehuetortuga  114, 116

humidity  14

hydrogen peroxide  43

hydrogen sulfide  103

I

inconvenience (of greywater systems)  3

inexpensive greywater to drip irrigation (error)  108–109

infiltration  19

rates  13

infiltration galleys. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys

Infiltrators  30, 64. See also greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys

for Branched Drain  86, 87, 94, 113

for Green Septic  67

in Constructed Wetland  68

Infiltrator Systems (supplier)  141

inlet (of tank)  115

inspections (for permit)  7, 17, 22, 85, 88, 95, 110

inspection access  84

for flow splitters  80

plugs (in double ells)  80

iron pipe  31

irrigating plants that can’t take it (error)  106

irrigation  2

actualizing water savings  106

coordinating greywater and freshwater  37, 38–39, 39, 69

demand  13, 20, 116, 129

example  14, 113

matching to greywater delivery  38, 39, 40

drip  37, 39, 72, 108

efficiency  37, 38, 75, 105, 112, 114, 133

definition  40

in Branched Drain  78

subsurface  63, 105

supplemental  20, 88, 112

underground drip  15. See also Geoflow (supplier)

uphill  76

variation  105

zones  81, 98, 99

J

Jandy (supplier)  141

John Todd Ecological Design, Inc. (supplier)  141

K

kPa (kilopascal)  139

L

labor (estimate of)  36

lakes  18

landscapers  17, 77, 94

landscapes  19, 37–50

Landscape Direct. See greywater system types, Landscape Direct

Laundry Drum. See greywater system types, Laundry Drum

laundry water  25, 107, 113

separate system  51

lawns  13, 15, 45, 52, 69, 77

irrigating with GW (error)  104

systems for irrigating  69–73. See also Orenco Systems (supplier); See also ReWater Systems (supplier)

laws  120, 138

leachfields  8, 16, 67, 81, 107, 112

failing  88

Leaching Chamber. See greywater system types, Subsoil Infiltration Galleys

leaves. See mulch

LEED  137

legality  1, 3, 15, 17, 25, 75, 77, 109, 112, 120

CA GW law as example (error)  110

of Branched Drain  57

leveling pipe. See pipe, leveling

life-cycle analysis  71

lifestyle  5

ecological  16, 34

life expectancy (of GW system)  112

lint  41, 107

Little Giant Pump Company (supplier)  30, 133, 141

Living Machines. See Ecological Machines

loading rate  130

locating pipe. See mapping your greywater system

Long Term Acceptance Rate (LTAR)  13

Los Angeles  104

Department of Water Reclamation  3

lpm (liters per minute)  139

lumping or splitting flow  19

L (liter)  139

M

m (meter)  139

m3/day (cubic meters per day)  139

m3 (cubic meter)  139

maintenance and troubleshooting  15, 17, 21, 24–28, 74, 76, 95

of Branched Drains  77, 96

of greywater furrows  130

of subsurface drip  71, 72, 119

mango. See fruit trees

mansion with a greywater system  102

mapping your greywater system  95

Maruata  127, 130–132

measuring greywater flow  112

mesh filter bag  63

Mexico  61, 68, 69, 75, 114

Michoacán  119–120, 127, 130–132

microclimate  19

microorganisms  18

Mid State Concrete (supplier)  141

minerals (in greywater)  69

Mini-Leachfields  62. See also greywater system types, Mini-Leachfields

mistakes. See errors and mistakes

moisture sensors  98

moles. See burrowing animals

monsoon  130

mosquitoes  47, 75, 127, 138

Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins. See greywater system types, Moveable Drain to Mulch Basins

muck. See crud

mulch  12, 47, 48, 50, 57, 84, 85, 97, 111, 117, 118

automatic replenishment  74

health considerations  18, 29, 74

in cold climates  99

in the non-industrialized world  127

mulch basins  47–50, 52, 75, 76, 85, 86, 87

and runoff management  19

area required  38

forming  94

for rot sensitive plants  87, 99

in various systems  54–63, 74, 111, 114, 117

servicing  96, 112

surge capacity  29, 88

Multi-Mode Greywater Tank  114

multifamily greywater systems. See high flow greywater systems

multiunit dwellings  7

municipal wastewater  69

N

naked eye (as measurement tool)  124

Natural Systems (supplier)  141

natural waters

contamination of  2

gw discharge into  74

neighbors  15

new construction  7, 17, 38, 67, 69, 75, 101, 110, 118, 120, 138, 146

note for  7

New Mexico  138

nitrate  46

nitrogen  2, 42, 47

no-hub connectors  23, 26, 33

non-industrialized world  9, 52, 74, 80, 127–132

drain out back for  74

Northwest Water Source (supplier)  141

no money (design example)  130

no water (design example)  114–115

NutriCycle Systems (supplier)  141

nutrients  2, 72, 100, 118

reclaimation of  3

nutrient and water cycles  3

O

oak trees  106

Oasis Biocompatible Cleaners (supplier)  141

Oasis Design (supplier)  141

obstacles (to laying pipe)  90

odor  75

minimizing  28, 97, 118, 128

optimization  17

Orenco Systems (supplier)  72, 73, 141

outdoor living area  19, 45

cooling by evaporation  19, 130

outlets  39, 76, 85, 94, 95, 96, 111

5 gal buckets  94, 113

chambers  118

configurations  87

extensions  92

flower pot  86

flower pot chamber  111, 112, 113

free flow  47, 84–85

in cold climates  126

half-barrel  86

in Branched Drains  84

positioning  87–92

sub-mulch via outlet chambers  85–86

subsoil infiltration galleys  86–87

troubleshooting  96, 97

out of context design  101

overflow  82

overflows  24, 25, 27, 28

ozonators  73, 101, 135

P

p-trap  23, 25, 26, 55, 80

Pacific Echo, Inc. (supplier)  141

paint sprayer bag (as filter)  30, 134

pantyhose (as filter)  30, 63, 69, 134

parties (diverting greywater during)  18

parts (for greywater systems)  30, 31–34, 80–82, 81

passive solar heat  19

pathogens  2, 18, 42, 46, 54

study, travel in soil  141

peach. See fruit trees

pear. See fruit trees

pee. See urine

percolation  2, 3, 6, 12, 37

greywater loading rates depending on  13

high  45, 114

low  8, 41, 47, 67, 76, 87, 99

use of wetlands where rate is low  68

perfection standard  5, 34

perforated pipe  106

reasons not to use  104, 106

performance standard  121

permaculture  37

permits  7, 15, 34, 75, 76, 91, 102, 111, 118

pH  43

phosphate  43, 46

varying effect by disposal environment  42

photos (of your site)  121, 123

photos (of your system)  95

photovoltaics  137

pigs  130

pipe  81

flow resistence  59

laying  92–95

leveling  76, 94

proper slope  11, 22, 76, 85, 92, 93, 112

size  59, 99

plants  45–47

bamboo  45, 140

as pipe  31

small  77

treatment capacity  39

water and rot sensitive  49

wetland  39, 46, 47, 68

plastic (amount of)  77, 83

plastic drums  28

as surge tank  62

plum. See fruit trees

plumber’s snake  24

plumbers  17, 22, 25, 77, 94, 107, 112

plumbing

cast iron  27, 34

codes  22, 24, 87

collection  51, 57, 67, 84

distribution  4, 51, 81, 90, 104

do-it-yourself  25, 29

fittings  99

gravity collection  4, 11, 19, 22, 26, 56

greywater and blackwater separate  7, 67, 71

health considerations  22

in slab  52

pipe size  28, 31, 107

potable water designs, parts for gw (error)  108

pressurized collection  25, 59

principles  22

professional installation  8

radical  24, 34–36, 36

where to divert greywater  23

Polylok Inc. (supplier)  82, 141

population density (high)  41

potassium  42, 43

potassium chloride. See salt

Kalium Chemical (supplier)  141

precipitation. See rainfall

pressure relief  24

pressure sensors  133

Principles of Ecological Design  101, 146

privacy  19

prunings. See mulch

psi (pounds per square inch)  139

puddles  128

pumps  4, 20, 30, 74, 77, 119, 133–136

and Branched Drains  76

appliance  25, 58, 59, 60, 106

effluent  62, 73

enthusiasm for (error)  103

failure  24, 69

height differential  59

sump  63

surge capacity before  28

to pressurize lines  108

where to install  22

Zabel  62, 133

purification

greywater degree of  2, 18, 47, 136, 140

natural  1

PVC (pipe)  30, 31, 59, 82, 91, 99

flexible  30, 56, 58, 78, 79, 81, 96

PVC sanitario  32, 80, 81

Q

quince. See fruit trees

R

rain, using greywater during  41

rainfall  43

high  50

low  19, 127

rainwater  17, 19, 44, 78, 96

drum  57

harvesting  5, 40, 57, 137, 140

rainwater inlets  84

rain gutters  17, 24, 96

raw food  18

raw land  17

raw vegetables  105

Real Goods (supplier)  141

real world examples. See examples

rebar  90

receiving landscape  4, 90

reclaimed water  2

reducing vs. reusing  5

reductions  81, 84

reforming mulch basins. See mulch basins, servicing

regulators  69, 71, 100, 102, 120

remodeling  138. See also retrofits

removable couplings  23

repairing soil  44

retrofits  7, 15, 33–36, 38, 75

return flows  4

reuse

efficiency  5, 20, 74, 77, 115

indoor  8

vs. disposal  13, 39, 57

reverse-osmosis drain water  2, 11, 40, 109

ReWater Systems (supplier)  37, 69, 102, 118, 119, 141

rock beds  66

roots

clogging pipes  56

weed-stop matting  63

root suffocation  75, 87

root zone  48, 78, 96

rot sensitive plants. See plants, water and rot sensitive

runoff  89, 117

in wet climates  50, 96, 98

management  19, 40, 137, 141

of greywater  24, 118, 129

S

s-trap  23

salt  37, 43, 44, 127

flushing with rainwater  19, 24, 44, 57, 78, 84, 96

in cleaners  43

removal in hydrologic cycle  136

varying effect by disposal environment  42

sand filtration. See filtration, sand filtration

sanitary fittings  31

sanitary tees. See tees

sanitation  74, 127. See also health considerations

Santa Barbara  110

San Diego  71

savings  16

sawsall  27

screen mesh  57

scribing arcs to locate pipes. See mapping your greywater system

seawater desalination  3

septic/sewer  2, 25, 26, 43, 98

eliminating  8, 34

Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip. See greywater system types, Septic Tank, Media Filtration, and Subsurface Drip

septic tanks  2, 12, 41, 71, 81, 107, 114, 115, 117

as filter  87, 107, 135

codes  18

effluent. See clarified septic effluent

Green Septic. See greywater system types, Green Septic

saving money by removing greywater  9, 16, 112

site unsuitable for  2

service (ease of)  24

settling tank. See septic tanks

sewage treatment plant  3, 75, 88

sewers  9, 25, 44, 71, 111, 140

sewer gas  23

shade  127

shortcuts  7

showers  11, 20, 28

plumbing for  25, 40, 113

systems for reusing water  53, 57, 61

“Shrubber” emitter  50

shrubs  46

signs of system distress  24

silicone sealer  23, 33, 92

sinks  25, 26

bathroom  11, 28, 40, 53, 106

kitchen  2, 11, 28, 33, 40, 53

laundry sink as surge tank  28

siphons  24, 59, 60, 61, 124

site assessment form  ii, 17, 121–123

site map  9, 12, 19, 111, 121

examples  113, 116

slab on grade construction  20

slope (for gravity distribution)  76, 126. See also pipes, proper slope

measuring  124–125

slow drains  24

slugs  80, 97

snow  99

soaker hose (useless for GW)  108

soaps

liquid vs powder  43

social climate  15

sodium  43

sodium chloride. See salt

sodium perborate  43

softeners. See cleaners, biocompatible

soggy soil. See waterlogging

soil

acidic  45

alkaline  44

clay  43, 49, 56, 118, 127

loading rates  13

overload  75

pH  44, 47

quality, preserving & repairing  41–44, 111, 112

type (effect on irrigation design)  40

unsuitable for GW  3

Solar Greywater Greenhouse. See greywater system types, Solar Greywater Greenhouse

solar heating  66

Southwest Wetlands  68

spa-flex. See PVC (pipe), flexible

spill point  24, 29

splitting the flow  75, 78, 79

sprinklers  18, 105, 135

standpipe  60

State Revolving Fund (SRF)  71

sterilization  135

Stinson Beach  72

storing greywater (error)  18, 103, 114

straw. See mulch

street fittings  31

subsoil infiltration galleys  57, 98

subsurface irrigation. See irrigation, subsurface

suburbia (design example)  16, 112

“suds saver”  137

suffocation of plant roots  39

sulphur  42

to lower pH  44

supply fittings  31

surface water

contamination  ii, 18, 41, 118, 128, 136

surges  28, 85

creating  82

surge capacity  28–29, 50, 112

before filter  28

measuring  95

of Branched Drains  88

surge tanks  4, 22, 24, 28, 74, 77, 103, 108, 133

for dosing siphon  29

in various systems  58, 62, 71, 114, 115

underground  28

surge volume  47

swales  19, 29, 50, 130, 137

swept earth  127, 132

swimming pools  15

systems approach (to design)  17

system overload  18, 38

T

Tad Montgomery & Associates (supplier)  141

tax credit  3

tees  63, 80, 81

as flow splitter  78

sanitary  93

Texas  138, 140

third world. See non-industrialized world

three-way valve. See valves, diverter (3-way)

Tijuana  127

Todd, John  69

toilets  11, 14, 26, 43

composting  34, 36, 43, 117, 137, 141

Clivus Multrum (suppliers)  141

WHO study & designs  141

dry  114

flushing with greywater  8, 41, 109, 120

in household water cascade  136

low flow  114

plumbing separate from greywater  23, 25

Watson Wick  36

tools for greywater work  34

in the developing world  128

too wet (design example)  117–118

topsoil

treatment capacity  18

town (design example)  111–112

toxic waste  41, 44, 140

toxins  3, 18, 42, 75, 136

transit  12, 34–36, 125

transpiration  46, 47

traps  23, 24, 26, 35, 36

trash cans (as surge tanks)  28

treatment

biological  104

degree of  74

effectiveness  2, 54

treatment of GW before irrigation (error)  104

trees. See also fruit trees

with germination inhibiting properties  47

tree growth  39

trenches  91, 92

troubleshooting. See maintenance and troubleshooting

U

u-shaped pipe  56, 77, 97, 108

UC Berkeley  43

ultraviolet disinfection. See disinfection

undevelopable lots  2

Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). See CPC/UPC

uphill irrigation  23

urine  41, 43, 44, 140

users  4, 15, 17

V

vacuum breaker. See air gap, vacuum breaker

Valterra Products, Inc. (supplier)  141

valves  30, 32–36, 74, 81

back-flow prevention  62

backwater  111

ball  29, 62, 63, 72

boxes  95

check (one way)  24, 26, 59, 60, 62

diverter (3-way)  21, 92, 95, 99. See also Jandy (supplier)

as cleanout  24, 84

for automated zone switching  98

in various systems  55, 56, 58, 59, 111, 117, 118

plumbing for  25, 26

electric  34, 108

for Furrow Irrigation  129

RV dump  111

solenoid (shutoff)  34

vegetables  45, 105

irrigation w/ GW  105, 126

vents  23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 55, 56

auto  24

vermin  55, 74, 127

W

warm-up water  2

warning of failure  24

Washington Toxics Coalition  44

washing machine  11, 20, 25, 28, 40, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 76, 88

“suds saver”  137

GW plumbing for  25, 58

washing diapers in  2

wastewater

amounts  11

centralized treatment vs greywater reuse  41

treatment facilities  9

water

bills  14, 111

chronic shortage  102

conservation  9, 13, 114

consumption  15, 105, 114, 115

average  14

cycle  ii, 136

quality  69

resources  9

savings  16

security  ii

waterlogging  24, 25, 39, 50, 97, 106

Water Conservation Systems (supplier)  141

water level (tool)  12, 34, 124, 129

Water Quality Testing Procedures and Information Packet  146

water sensitive plants. See plants, water and rot sensitive

water softeners  41, 43

Water Storage  19, 137

Water Storage Extras  146

water table  8

water transit (tool)  124–125

Weed-Stop matting  63

welding (of plastic pipe)  36

wetlands  47, 98

whitening. See cleaners, biocompatible

wind  15

wire mesh  97

wood chips. See mulch

wyes  81

Y

yard too small. See area, small yard

Z

Zabel pumps. See pumps, Zabel

zones

greywater  20–22

irrigation  20, 37, 112